K034 Mining Inserts

Carbide Stem Tips K034 for making Carbide Chisel cemented carbide drill bits K0,K10,K1,K20,K2,K21Series,etc. Unlisted sizes and grades are available upon your requirements

Cemented carbide mining inserts tips for embedding cross and X-shaped drill bits, suitable for embedding rotary percussive drill bits of heavy rock drilling machines for drilling hard rock formations of class F=18 or above, with its good wear-resistant, can be grinding over and over again.

Selling points: 1. factory direct price 2. high hardness and durability 3.superior quality 4. provide after-sale service 5.oem & odm 6 fast delivery

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K034 Carbide Chisel Tips

Cost-effective Tungsten Carbide Balls

Carbide ball, commonly known as tungsten steel ball, refers to the use of hard alloy ball, ball, made of hard alloy ball high hardness, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, resistance to bending, use conditions, can replace all the steel ball products. Commonly known as tungsten steel ball, it is to point to to materials with hard alloy ball, ball, carbide ball high hardness, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, resistance to bending, the use of harsh, can replace all the steel ball products.

2 types respectively cemented carbide balls with high hardness of the refractory metal carbides (WC, TiC) micron grade powder as main ingredients, with cobalt (Co) and nickel (Ni), molybdenum (Mo) as the binder, sintering in vacuum furnace or hydrogen reduction furnace of powder metallurgy products, at present common cemented carbide are YG, YN, YT, YW series.

Commonly used cemented carbide balls main points: YG6 carbide ball. YG6x cemented carbide balls. YG8 cemented carbide balls. YG13 cemented carbide balls. YG20 hard alloy ball. YN6 cemented carbide balls. YN9 cemented carbide balls. YN12 cemented carbide balls. YT5 cemented carbide balls. YT15 cemented carbide balls.

3 properties characteristics of cemented carbide ball high hardness, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, resistance to bending, use conditions, can replace all the steel ball products. Carbide ball 90.5 or higher hardness, density = 90.5 g/m3; .

4 use relevant carbide ball scope is very broad, such as: precision bearing, instruments, meters, pen, sprayer, pump, mechanical parts, seal valve, brake pump, crushing hole, oil field, lab, hardness measuring instrument hydrochloride, fishing gear, counterweight, decoration, finishing and so on high-end industry!

5 production process of cemented carbide balls production process with other similar cemented carbide products, mainly include the pulverizing to formula according to the requirements of USES, the wet and dry mix - crushing - and sieving to join after forming agent, then to sieve made the mixture, drying granulating to cold isostatic pressing, molding and sintering to molding (blank), packing and warehousing. , depending on the specific application requirements and related parameters are cemented carbide balls, tungsten steel ball, tungsten ball, carbide spherical golden ratio overlap, and other products. The smallest cemented carbide balls can be a diameter of about 0.3.

Tungsten Carbide Plate Tungsten Carbide Block Tungsten Carbide Nozzle Tungsten Carbide Wear Parts

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II Carbide sintering process of organizational change;

1, the balance of WC - CO alloy sintering process, high purity, when the mixture and achieve ideal uniformity, and sintering temperatures extremely slow, you can think sintering sintering in a balanced state of sintering: (theory, under the condition of normal production does not exist)

(1) in the process of slow warming, WC slowly dissolve to form a solid solution in the cobalt, its solubility increases with temperature rise. When the temperature reaches the eutectic temperature 1340 ℃, began to appear eutectic composition of sintered body liquid, and at the same time, the WC melting, liquid quantity increases unceasingly, the eutectic temperature keep long enough, let sintered body formed undissolved solid phase (WC) and liquid phase equilibrium. Continue to slowly heat up, liquid continues to increase. Such as the temperature to 1400 ℃, the liquid phase is about 47% (weight).

(2) alloy balance heating and cooling process instead. When alloy cooling slowly from the 1400 ℃, the first at the beginning of exhalation WC crystal from the liquid phase. When the temperature dropped to eutectic reaction during eutectic temperature and precipitation in liquid phase WC crystal, eutectic reaction, liquid disappear, into the solid phase transformation, and with the temperature decrease from the solid solution precipitation redundant WC crystal three times. When the temperature below 900 ℃, the solid solution of WC content lower than 1.0%, alloy organization for early (WC original + WC + WC eutectic crystal + WC three + Y + CO) solid solution, alloy phase composition of WC + Y two-phase alloy.

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2, the imbalance of sintering: because it is difficult to achieve ideal mixture uniformity, and sintering process to heat up quickly, so actual sintering for unbalanced sintering:

(1) because of thermal hysteresis, only will appear above the eutectic temperature liquid phase;

(2) in a small region in the sintered body in liquid in different time;

(3) without enough time of heat preservation, the composition of liquid phase sintered body various parts are different.

(4) the balance of sintering of unbalanced cooling and rapid cooling, which after the alloy solidification, due to the diffusion process is difficult, if too fast cooling, WC content in supersaturated state, at this point, the microstructure could be WC original primary + + WC WC + Y solid solution, eutectic alloy composition is still a WC + Y, but the WC grain size.

3, the sintering process: the actual sintering process not only because of components to reach the ideal mixing and the imbalance caused by warming faster, also due to there are free carbon in the mixture, two tungsten carbide, or due to the effect of sintering furnace gas in the process of the sintered body composition change, which complicate the sintering process of organizational change.

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Carbon sintering characteristics: (1) left low eutectic temperature: 1280-1300 ℃, liquid temperature is low, the liquid phase number, the liquid phase composition is complicated, graphite may occur after cooling.

(2) the sintering characteristics of decarburization: eutectic temperature: 1370 ℃, a liquid temperature, liquid quantity less.

4, medium pressure sintering process of contraction, briquetting contraction can be roughly divided into three stages: diffusion, flow, rearrangement;

(1) due to temperature increase, atomic more activation on the surface of the powder particles, when the temperature reached 400-500 ℃, the bonding metal began to spread on the surface material along the free surface (diffusion), and with the temperature increase in volume diffusion (material within the crystal lattice of diffusion), in the space of WC particles gradually formed around the bonding metal mesh. When the temperature reaches 800-900 ℃, WC particle diffusion from the surface to volume diffusion, to shorten the distance between WC particles, shrink produce sintered body. Such as cobalt in mixture can uniformly surrounded the WC particles, the more obvious shrinkage.

(2) with the increase of temperature, bonding metal yield into plastic substances at the eutectic temperature, small plastic flow under stress to produce again, change the contact state between the powder particles, make carbide particles move and close, make the sintered body contraction.

(3) each carbide particles surface has a thin layer of liquid phase, as well as lubricant, reduce friction between the carbide, due to surface tension effect, make the carbide particles moving in the direction of more closely, rearrangement, make further density sintered body, carbide particles of the contact point between energy is higher, first dissolve in the liquid phase, and in other parts of the precipitation, and shortened the distance between carbide. Dissolving precipitation caused some carbide grain grew up along certain direction, so that the adjacent bonded carbide grain or aggregation, form a skeleton.

5, factors affecting shrinkage in the process of sintering:

Speed: (1) warming if heating up fast, is the highest shrinkage temperature range will be higher, or even move to the liquid temperature; Heating up too fast, there are a large number of coarse pores and bubble, this is due to the liquid phase in closed after the gas caused by the discharge channel.

(2) pressure piece of original pore: in inert atmosphere sintering briquetting, shrinkage is inversely proportional to the speed and density of briquette. So, alloy original porosity and density of briquette has nothing to do. When activated sintering atmosphere, porosity of briquetting is difficult to fully dense, so you must increase the density of briquette.

(3) grinding degree and the mixture of granularity: carbide particles of the thinner, the smaller the sintered body of single hole size, and capillary pressure of liquid is inversely proportional to the radius of the hole, at the same time, the center of the two carbide particles radius decreased along with the reducing of the particle size, and fine particles are easy to close. In addition, the bigger the specific surface of the powder and the solid phase diffusion speed and the coming of the liquid phase rearrangement precipitation and dissolution rate, the greater the therefore, the fine particles a contraction of low temperature, also can improve the shrinkage rate of solid phase sintering stage and shrinkage.

(4) : the mixture of cobalt content of cobalt content affects the liquid after shrinkage, cobalt content, the higher the sintering phasor of fluid, the more the greater the shrinkage rate, also can greatly promote the contraction of the second stage, because, this phase is the shrinkage mechanism of plastic flow.

(5) the carbon content, carbon content of the sintered body height, the number of the influence of the temperature of the liquid phase and liquid phase, therefore, the carbon content is bound to influence in the process of sintering shrinkage, the higher the carbon content and temperature of the eutectic point is reduced, is advantageous to the plastic flow, promote contraction speed, on the other hand, reduce the shrinkage rate. It should be pointed out that: oxidation serious material, is difficult to sintering density, it is more difficult than the lack of carbon material density.

(6) bonding metal wettability of carbide: wettability is refers to the liquid phase for solid phase infiltration ability. Carbide sintering, due to some reason make the wettability of liquid phase for solid phase bad, can make the sintered body contraction bad, cause pore, even "sweat" to discard. To improve the wettability can take the following measures:

A, raise the temperature; B, pure solid surface can improve the wettability (serious oxidation and sundry pollution is to eliminate the WC); C, vacuum conditions, because the vacuum conditions can purify the solid surface.

In addition, if improve the dissolution of solid in liquid read, changes in plants could also improve wettability.

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I - The cemented carbide products sintering mechanism

An overview: the so-called sintering, the powder is heated to a certain temperature, and maintain a certain amount of time, and then cooling, to get the required materials or products, this special heat treatment method called sintering.

Carbide sintered belongs to the liquid phase sintering of multicomponent system, sintering on alloy products play a decisive role.

1, the sintering process of the change of the sintered body: smaller pressure fast volume shrinkage, and strength increase, alloy surface is metal luster, usually, pressure fast porosity is 50%, the products should be less than 0.2%. Sintering process, the qualitative changes between powder particles, the combination of alloy intergranular instead of the contact between the powder particles to form alloy strong overall, which has excellent physical properties.

1, the sintering process of several stages:

(1) removal agent and presintering stage (800 ℃) or less:

The early stage of sintering, with the temperature increases, cracking, gradually forming agent out of the sintered body side by side, at the same time, forming agent increased carbon sintered body more or less. When hydrogen sintering, under 800 ℃ can restore oxide on the surface of the powder, at the same time, the contact stress between powder gradually eliminate, bonding metal powder to produce responses and recrystallization, particle surface diffusion, increase strength.

(2) solid phase sintering stage eutectic temperature (800 ℃ -- 800 ℃) : eutectic temperature refers to the gradual thawing to started to the temperature of the eutectic liquid phase sintered body.

(3) the liquid phase sintering stage (eutectic temperature sintering temperature) : when there is liquid phase sintered body after sintered body contraction finished quickly, carbide grain growth and formation of the skeleton, which laid the basic organization structure of alloy.

(4) cooling stage (sintering temperature - room temperature), the organization of the alloy and binding phase composition varies with the different cooling condition and produce some. After cooling, to get final alloy.

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SIX - Metallographic examination

1, sample preparation, coarse grinding with coarser silicon carbide grinding wheel grinding, grinding surface to 2-3 mm. The internal organization of the proof alloy; Set sample is coarse grinding sample with sulfur circle insert samples, sample set samples should make all polished in a plane. Circle will be set with sample set samples, on special sample device of fine grinding, to eliminate coarse grinding water grinding crack. When the fine grinding of abrasive has two kinds: one is containing silicon carbide (120-180 mesh) and potassium permanganate solution; Another kind is boron carbide (180-220 mesh) with kerosene or a mixture of transformer oil. Polishing can be conducted on similar to the fine grinding device. Mill pad on the canvas, and drop into the zirconia powder (150 mesh) and potassium permanganate solution, no streaks of light should be after polishing grinding surface, further on the iron plate in woolen cloth fine grinding, to eliminate grinding polishing is the formation of the turbidity, drip continuously in the process of fine grinding abrasive (less than 3 micron boron carbide) and lubrication oil, transformer oil or edible vegetable oil), after fine grinding of grinding should be smooth as a mirror.

2, the corrosion of grinding

Porosity is A field of pore area percentage, namely X = A/B * 100%; X for porosity, A is the area of the field of pore, B is the area of the field. Generally choose a field of most pore and the known standard photos to compare and determine porosity. Dirt degree is to put the above 40 microns, irregular shape but the clarity of the edge of black holes. Graphite inclusions generally or tiny dot gathered in nests, its edge is clear, in the process of grinding, flake graphite inclusions are usually the pore, some national standards will even graphite inclusions as the secondary pore. Other defects, layered like dirt under a microscope, but longer than dirt, dirt than straight edges. Crack is thin and long black stripes. Not good pressure caused by the pore usually triangular or water chestnut, if pore focused particularly on the sharp edge of place, usually is not good. Owe to burn the pore generally smaller, about 5 microns, concentrated in the middle of specimen. Burnt generally does not affect the porosity, but serious when burnt, average porosity is larger, in 10-20 microns, and most of the surface.

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FIVE - Cemented carbide with determination and analysis of the nature of particular average

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A, fracture
Alloy fracture state and quality has a close relationship. Carbide fracture belongs to brittle fracture, compared with the metal material, it has a fine grain, thus the fracture shape is more smooth and detailed. Defect of the organizational structure can be expressed in the alloy profile.

1, holes, (dirty) habits will be larger than 40 microns holes is dirty. Less than 40 micron holes called pores. Check fracture observed holes refers to dirty hole. 40 micron holes under 25 times of the microscope is 1 mm.

Carbide on the cross section of dirty hole, the edge is clear, darker. Hole shape is round, oblique groove, elongated, shape, triangle, half moon, etc., which related to the shape of impurity. Generally speaking, if appear in the liquid phase temperature used to be able to generate carbon and hydrocarbon impurities, holes, which is formed by the general similar to the original; So at low temperature can be hydrogen or carbon reduction of impurities, generated by the hole, its shape is similar to the original is not so. If impurity can only in the presence of liquid phase under high temperature to be restored, the formation of the holes are round or oblique hole; If the impurities are not produce gas into the content, such as cobalt scrap, copper, aluminum, stainless steel scrap, alloy scrap, etc., the formation of the hole, its shape is irregular. Some was not reduction in sintering temperature oxide, basically keep the shape of the original particles. Some big holes in briquette form, is not going to disappear in the sintering process, such as not good pressure caused by the sharp polygonal hole, in good sintered alloy has kept the same.

1, the decarburization

Eta on the fracture characteristics of the 1, usually in the form of silver bright spot. Sometimes a tadpole shaped concave pit. See white highlights from the bottom of the pit. The characteristics of decarburization is easy to recognize. When a serious shortage of carbon, decarburization point doesn't show a tadpole shape window, but the whole fracture is silvery white, very fine grain, it is the characteristics of the matrix of carbon. Another case is fracture presents many concave pit, connect to form a wavy fracture, but not present silvery white window, YN the lack of carbon alloy, fracture is the more features.

Decarburization point size and sintering of liquid phase is related to the number of serious lack of carbon, the relative decline in the liquid phase, eta 1 phase grew up slowly, resulting in fracture of on decarburization point is smaller. On the other hand, slight decarburization, decarburization is larger. This is judgment of decarburization weight a method. Similarly, decarburization point distribution density, and decarburization of the area can illustrate the degree of lack of carbon. Sometimes, only found a few bright spots in the fracture edge, which is characteristic of the alloy surface decarburization. In the case of difficult to determine, cross section can be immersed in potassium ferricyanide solution for a few seconds, and then wash to dry, then under the magnifying glass observation, if there is brown spots on cross section, suggests that lack of carbon, alloy, on the other hand, is the other material produced by the window, this is the most effective way to judge whether alloy with low carbon.

2, the carburizing

Alloy carburizing fracture has two kinds: one is the d-type graphite, the second is the plum blossom shape graphite. D-type graphite is usually produced in low cobalt alloy and fine grain fracture, due to the small and scattered carburizing shape, color, not easy to find, once found, the carburizing is more serious. Plum blossom shape graphite are mostly produced in high cobalt alloy and coarse particle alloys on the fracture surface, because of its shape, size is bigger, so is easily observed, but the carburizing is not serious.

Serious carburizing alloy surface light black, by hand or wipe on white paper, can make hand or white black, in the case of this kind of serious carburizing, the fracture.

Graphite in YT, YN class is usually small and scattered point, fracture is difficult to observe, but if on the grinding slice observation, can be found to have 1.0 1.5% (volume) of graphite impurity, it has to do with fine grain low cobalt alloy carburizing is similar.

3, owe to burn

Owe to burn alloy surface is usually pale, the grain on the cross section were the non-viscous stack, no obvious metallic luster, owe to burn is not obvious, sometimes can see a loose area in the center of the fracture site. But grain and normal alloy has metallic luster. Judge owes to burn the simplest method is to use a drop of ink pen on the cross section point, if the ink bled, absorption, suggests that structure is loose, is characteristic of owe to burn. Will owe to burn the most reliable method is alloy metallographic grinding of porosity determination.

4, burnt

Burnt alloy surface is rough, badly burnt when also can see the grain size of flash, burnt cause alloy grain growth, its section is coarser grains, light person only observed quantity more sparkle, serious a honeycomb, but burnt alloy alloy and coarse grain (such as YG8C YG11C) section is different, the latter more bright spots, but the luster of the bright spots a little dark than burnt, is the white window rather than silver sparkle. It should be pointed out: slightly burnt and owe is difficult to fracture observation method is used to determine whether to burn.

5, mixing

Mixture mixed with another in a greater difference between composition and particle size mixture, this phenomenon is called mixture. Blending alloy fracture usually show the different shapes of small points, some bumps, some depression, but the boundary of the convex and concave into the don't like dirty hole so clear.

6, "dirty"

Alloys on the fracture surface of loose area of organization, macroscopic observation its dark color, and less loose organization, or severe burning fine powder dot carburizing, often appear in the heart of fracture, can also assumes the circular distribution.

7, not pressed

Alloy section were water chestnut sharp triangle, quadrangle and polygon holes, this is due to insufficient material grain deformation when pressing traces of.

8, bulky carbide

Here is not burnt is of coarse grain, but to YT classes the kind of bulky carbide alloy unique. When appear this kind of thick carbide alloy fracture appear similar to owe to burn fracture appear white crystal, sometimes don't have to enlarge, and directly with the naked eye can be observed. Grinding were observed under high power microscopy, the bulky carbide is a kind of special thick needle or flake grain, its shape is similar to the WC grain size.

When the alloy. The above defects, its mechanical performance will be significantly lower, seriously affected the alloy using performance.

K034 Tungsten Carbide Tips used as mining inserts for Carbide Chisel and Rock Auger Teeth.